Nanotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nanotechnology - Essay Example 1342-1347; Roco, 2001,pp. 225-233; Singh, Olson, & Maher, 2007, pp. 189-190; Takagi , Hirose A, Nishimura, Fukumori, Ogato, Ohashi, Kitajima & Kanno, 2008, pp. 105-116; Takenaka ,Karg , Roth, Schulz , Ziesenis, Heinzmann, Chramel, & Heyder, 2001, 547-461; Tinkle, Antonini, Roberts , Salmen, DePree & Adkins, 2003, pp, 1202-1208; Tran, BuBuchanan, Cullen, Searl, Jones, & Donaldson, 2000, pp, 1113-1126; Vincent & Clement, 2000, pp. 2673-2682. ). Describe the down and bottom up approach to nanotechnology There are two approaches in synthesizing nano materials and the creation of nano structures. These are top-down and bottom-up approaches (Gitam University, 2013). Top down approach is the slicing or successive cutting of a bulk material to get nano sized particle (Gitam University, 2013; Srinivasan, 2008, p. 1-3; Sullivan, 2001, pp. 51-53).  Ã‚  Bottom up approach, on the other hand, refers to the build-up of a material from the bottom (Gitam University, 2013). This means materials are reduced atom by atom, molecule by molecule or cluster by cluster. Both approaches are considered crucial in the development of modern nano industry and both possessed advantages and disadvantages (Gitam University, 2013).   Experts cited that process of attrition or milling is a common top down method in establishing nano particles while the colloidal dispersion is a bottom up type approach in synthesizing nano particles (Gitam University, 2013; Iqbal, Preece, & Mendes, 2012, p, 1). Experts explained that the problem with top down approach is the surface structure imperfection and the potential crystallographic damages in the construction method (Gitam University, 2013). This posed additional challenges in the architectural design and fabrication of matters although the application remained favourable to the production of nano materials albeit some limitations and risks posed by researchers (Gitam University, 2013; Brown, 2002, p. 1). Notwithstanding defects, nanotech continues t o play an important role in the synthesis of nano structures (Gitam University, 2013). The century is experiencing this advancement. This is even done in the production of salt and nitrate in chemical industry(Gitam University, 2013; Institute Of Nanotechnology, 2003, p, 245). Long ago, people are already content to use rock salt as mixture and for food preservation. These days, there are already iodized salt that are reduced into minute particles in the market. Hence, tools are now made with nanometer scale to produce nano structures with less defects, and more homogeneous chemical composition (Gitam University, 2013; Institute Of Nanotechnology, 2003, p, 245). Unlike the bottom up approach, the top-down method introduces internal stress, surface defects and possible contamination. To further cite an example, electronic integrated circuits are created using top-down process with limitations described (Gitam University, 2013; Institute Of Nanotechnology, 2003, p, 245). Bottom-up app roach assembles materials in supramolecular chemistry that combined an alternative route (Gitam University, 2013; Institute Of Nanotechnology, 2003, p, 245). Indicate the current stage of technology progress towards each of these. The development of laptops, microchips for information archiving, production of scanning tunneling microscope, digital cameras with zooming lenses that capture and

King Lears Transition in Shakespeares Play, King Lear Essay -- King

King Lear's Transition in Shakespeare's Play, King Lear In the play King Lear, by William Shakespeare, the main character, Lear, takes the audience through his journey toward his enlightenment. At the beginning of the play Lear appears to be an arrogant man who is too much of the flesh. He associates money and power with love and respect. Thus, when Lear has given all this material possessions to his daughters, Goneril and Regan, he begins his long journey of self discovery. Through an analysis of two passages, one can see the transition of Lear from a man blinded by the flesh to a caring and compassionate madman that sees the truth. The first passage comes from act I, scene iv. Lear's arrogance is illustrated in this passage as he commands nature to make Goneril infertile ; "Dry up in her organs of increase, / And from her derogate body never spring / A babe to honour her!..." (I.iv.245-258). As Lear speaks angrily to an external subject, nature, he is really speaking angrily inwardly to his subconscious. As seen in Oedipus Rex, the realisation of a truth is very painful process and often brings out strong emotions such as anger. Usually the truth is presented to a character in small increments so as not to overwhelm the character. Thus, the anger displayed by Lear is a reflection of the pain he feels from his daughter's betrayal. The contrary of this is found in the second passage. In this scene the audience is shown humble Lear. When he says "Let copulation thrive; for Gloucester's bastard son / Was kinder to his father than my daughters / Got 'tween the lawful sheets. / To't luxury, pell-mell! for I lack soldiers." (IV.vi.110-114). This supports that Lear is much humbler. As seen in the first excerpt, Lear command... ...ence to better understand the nature of Lear; That is, what is going on inside him. Through these two passages, one can see the changes in Lear's language and the imagery he conveys about nature. These changes are a representation of Lear's transformation from a sane man, blinded of the truth, to a madman, closer to the truth than any sane man. This study supports that Lear's character has made a significant advance in his journey towards the truth. Works Cited Clemen, Wolfgang. The Development of Shakespeare's Imagery. New York, NY, USA: Methuen & Co. 1977. Shakespeare. "King Lear." Elements of Literature. Ed. Robert Scholes, Nancy Comley, Carl H. Klaus, and David Staines. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1990. Young, David. Shakespeare's Tragedies - A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1993.

Labor Relations Essay

1. Define the term â€Å"collective bargaining† and list and describe four issues that are mandatory components of a collective bargaining agreement. Collective bargaining can be defined as the process of involving representatives from both employers and employees to come to terms and conditions of employment that both parties agree. These agreements are written into legally binding contacts good for one to five years. (Budd, 2009, p. 229) Four issues that are mandatory components of collective bargaining agreement are compensation, personnel policies, employer rights and responsibilities. Compensation would include wages, benefits, vacations, holidays, and profit sharing. Personnel policies refer to layoffs, promotions, and transfer policies. Employer’s rights and responsibilities include but not limited to seniority rights, job standards, management right, just cause, safety standards, and discipline and discharge, (Budd, 2009, p. 13) Employer rights and responsibilit ies is a component of collective bargaining is illustrated in an article by Aaron Kuriloff. According to this article the NFL position is that the; NFL Players Association isn’t bargaining in good faith, using delays to run out the clock on talks before disbanding the union and suing the league under antitrust law for colluding to restrict pay (Kuriloff, 2011 ) The National Football League has asked the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) for clarifications in using antitrust laws to block a lockout and clarifying if the National Football League Players Association is a certified labor union. The National Football League position is that the National Football League Players Association is using delaying tactics and they are threatening a work stoppage. The next a component of collective bargaining I found in an article by Howard Beck of the New York Times deals with compensation. The National Basketball Association is also facing a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) Mr. Becks states, that the Owners are proposing a fundamental overhaul of the N.B.A.’s eco nomic system, including a hard salary cap, shorter contracts and a 38 percent reduction in player salaries (about $800 million (Beck, 2011) The owners want to reduce salaries because 17 out of the 30 franchise teams are losing money at a sum of $300 million a year. While the National Basketball Player’s Association disputes the league’s figures; because Attendance is up, the league is on pace for its highest viewership of all other professional sports. To conclude these  collective bargaining agreements of both the NFL and the NBA can be categorized as being distributive bargaining. Both parties are going either win or lose some concessions to remain a viable and profitable organization. 2. List and discuss three U.S. laws that support collective bargaining, and three examples of employer unfair labor practices. The three laws that support collective bargaining between employers and labor unions are the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935, the Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947, and Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959. The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935, which is also known as the Wagner Act, made it legal to form unions and engage in collective bargaining. The Wagner Act created a labor environment to equalize the bargaining power between the employer and employees as stated by this text the policy of the United States to eliminate the causes of certain substantial obstructions to the free flow of commerce and to mitigate and eliminate these obstructions when they have occurred by encouraging the practice and procedure of collective bargaining (National Labor Relations Board) The main purpose of the Wagner Act was to encourage collective bargaining in the private sector by protecting workers’ rights to join and form labor unions (Budd, 2009 , p. 119) Furthermore, this act also gave more expansive powers to the federal government with the regulating of labor relations; and it banned employers from punishing workers for using their collective bargaining rights. Americans did have the right to join unions and strike, prior to the enactment of this law. Previously, employers had been free to spy on, to question, to discipline, to discharge, to terminate, and to blacklist employees for either joining unions or striking. According to the website Infoplease.com the Taft-Hartley Act amended much of the National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act of 1935, the federal law regulating labor relations of enterprises engaged in interstate commerce, and it nullified parts of the Federal Anti-Injunction (Norris-LaGuardia) Act of 1932. The act established control of labor disputes on a new basis by enlarging the National Labor Relations Board and providing that the union or the employer must, before terminating a collective-bargaining agreement, serve notice on the other party and on a government mediation service. The government was empowered to obtain an 80-day injunction against any strike  that it deemed a peril to national health or safety. (Taft-Hartley Labor Act, 2011) The Labor-Management Relations Act provided the government far more oversight over union activities, including the right of the U.S. president to stop a strike if it was deemed dangerous to national health. The act also stripped unions of their power in several ways, including forbidding unions from contributing to political campaigns and only allowing unions to organize after a majority vote by employees. Although President Truman vetoed the act, it passed easily over his veto, and this act remains the heart of U.S. labor law. The Labor-Man agement Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959. Also called the Landrum-Griffin Act, this law amended the Taft-Hartley Act to protect the rights of union members within their union and imposed new reporting requirements and codes of conduct on unions and employers. This was act created in response to the surge of corruption from various labor union officials who used violence as a way to quail the union opposition from employers and employees. Another process of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 was to stop labor unions from be infiltrated by communist. Furthermore, former members of the Communist party and former convicts were prevented from holding a union office for a period of five years after resigning their Communist party membership or being released from prison. (infoplease.com, 2011) Three examples of unfair labor practices include; firing a union supporter or someone trying to form a union, Failing to bargain in good faith, threatening to employees with job loss or demotion or physical harm if they support a union and preventing employees from talking about a union or wearing union buttons when it doesn’t interfere with their work duties or customers. The National Labor Relations Board which is an independent federal agency devoted to conducting representation elections and adjudicating unfair labor practices (Budd, 2009 , p. 124) I want to discuss a news article written by Chris Si eroty, who writes for the Las Vegas Review-Journal. Mr. Sieroty details in his article about the labor unrest being experienced in Las Vegas Nevada concerning the allege discrimination against employees based on their national origin. The protesters also urged Station Casinos to support the union’s efforts to establish a new standard when it comes to alleged discrimination against employees based on national origin. (Sieroty, 2011) Therefore, the labor union, the Culinary Local 226  is attempting to unionize nearly 13,000 workers at the 18 hotel-casinos operated by Station Casinos in Southern Nevada. Station Casinos has been charged with using threats, intimidation, surveillance, bribery, discrimination and other illegal activities against employees engaged in lawfully protected union activities. The National Labor Relations Board alleges that for approximately seven months Station Casinos has used this illegal tactic to divide and conquer in union busting strategy by not supporting an anti-discrimination policy. The article I want to discuss is an article by Steven Greenhouse. Mr. Greenhouse writes for the New York Times and his article was about the illegally firing an employee after she criticized her supervisor on her Facebook page. The action falls under unfair labor practices of firing a union supporter or someone trying to form a union. The National Labor Relations Board steps in to clarify the statute that a worker could not be fired because they criticize their employer under the National Labor Relations Act. The National Labor Relations Board states a example of it clarifying statement, That act gives workers a federally protected right to form unions, and it prohibits employers from punishing workers — whether union or nonunion — for discussing working conditions or unionization. The labor board said the company’s Facebook rule was overly broad and improperly limited employees’ rights to discuss working conditions among themselves. In summary if we are g uaranteed freedom of speech, should always trump business’ restrictive policies on speech (Greenhouse, 2010) 3. Describe the process of establishing and decertifying a collective bargaining unit in the workplace. Initiating an Organizing Drive The first step in establishing a union in the workplace is to begin by initiating an organizing drive. There are three possible initiators of an organizing a drive: one or more employees, a union, or an employer (Budd, 2009 , p. 188) Then you must first find out if your co-workers want to form a union by gauging their interest by quietly talking to a few trusted co-workers who you think may be interested in improving the workplace. Create a representative group of co-workers, usually called an Organizing Committee to make sure your efforts to form a union succeed. The Organizing Committee educates fellow workers about the benefits of unionizing and your rights under the law. The Organizing Committee should consist of people from  every department in your workplace and should be representative of all races, genders, and ethnicities. The committee then should gather an employee list, as well as information about your employer.† (How To Organize A Labor Union At Your Workplace, 2010) Building and Documenting Support The second step in establishing a union in the workplace is to begin building and documenting support. You must document a minimum of 30% of your fellow employees who have to shown interest in forming a union at your workplace. This next step is most likely accomplished by the signing of Authorization Cards or simply A Cards by the employee. By virtue of your signature, the A Card signifies that you desire for the union to represent you for the purpose of collective bargaining. However if you garner more than 50% of the workplace showing interest in being represented by a union you may request that the employer recognize your union. Subsequently if the employer refuses to voluntary recognize the labor union, there are alternates to be recognized by the employer available. Alternates to Voluntary Recognition The third step in establishing a union in the workplace is to begin using alternates to voluntary recognition. After the majority of the employees have decided to join the union, your employer will either recognize the union or refuse to recognize it. The alternative for a union to recognize by an employer is by launching a recognition strike. A recognition strike is a strike used by employees to make an employer recognize their labor union. This strike cannot last more than thirty days without the risk of being replaced. The Landrum Griffin Act created alternative to strike for union to be recognized by filing a petition with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), to hold elections to certify the labor union. The board will then decide who is eligible to vote and they will schedule the election. File Election Petition The next step can be either third or fourth step in establishing a union in the workplace, this step is done by filing a petition with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), to hold election. You must request the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), which is an impartial government  agency, to hold a secret ballot election. Once it is determined that the bargaining unit is appropriate and that no supervisors or management are included, a date will be set by the NLRB for the election, usually 5 to 7 weeks out. Hold National Labor Relations Board Elections The next step can be either fourth or fifth step in establishing a union in the workplace, this final step is done by workers in favor of the union. The pro-union worker will have to campaign to keep pro-union workers and take steps to win over any workers who are against the union. If the union wins the election, by law the employer must recognize and bargain with the union. The National Labor Relations Board is responsible for setting up polling places, usually on the employer’s property. The National Labor Relations Board is also responsible and supervising the election. By casting a paper ballot into a ballot box is the usual median that employees vote. At the end of the voting period the polls are closed and the ballots are counted right on the spot. The union must win the majority of the votes to be declared the winner. The opposite of a certification election is a decertification election. This type of election is used to determine whether a majority of unionized employ ees no longer wish to be represented by their union (Budd, 2009 , p. 192) To request such an election, at least 30 percent of the employees must file a decertification petition asserting that the currently certified union no longer represents the employees in the bargaining unit before it can be considered by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). To decertify a union, the union representation must have been effect for more than a year and the decertification petition has to be filed during a timeframe of 60 to 90 days before the expiration on the union contract, although healthcare workers are afforded addition time for decertification and that window is 90 to 120 days prior to the expiration of their union contracts. According to Ohio Hospital Association’s information on the decertification process it is regarded as ‘The general rule for unions with a negotiated contract in place is that a decertification petition can only be filed 60 to 90 days prior to the expiration of the contract (or every three years, whichever comes first). For health care employees, this window is 90 to 120 days prior to the expiration of the contract (Ohio Hospital Association) The National Labor Relations Board require that all  decertification is free from managerial influences , and that all signatures on the petition were collect ed during non-work time and off the worksite. After the National Labor Relations Board verifies the signatures on the decertification petition, a decertification election is scheduled in approximately 60 days. The union will be decertified if a majority of the members vote against being represented by the union as it bargaining unit. In an article by Aaron Kuriloff he quotes the NFL’s position that the NFLPA is using decertification as a tactic to get a better labor contract. The NFL said the union’s threat to decertify is a ploy and an unlawful subversion of the collective bargaining process, there being no evidence whatsoever of any (let alone widespread) dissatisfaction with the union by its members (Kuriloff, 2011 ) Free agency was created when the union was decertified after the 1987 strike. The NFL owners just want the NFLPA to bargain in good faith and the NFLPA also want the same with more revenue sharing. 4. Describe the process of administering a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) to include the role and function of an arbitrator. What are the issues, and how are they handled? Through the process of collective bargaining, employers and unions negotiate terms and conditions of employment and put these terms in a written contract, also called collective bargaining agreements. (Budd, 2009 , p. 229) During the process of administering a collective bargaining agreement the employer and union are obligated to meet at reasonable times to negotiate in good faith about mandatory bargaining items. Mandatory bargaining items are wages, hours, vacation time, insurance, safety practices and the terms and conditions of employment. According to the National Labor Relations Act if either party to refuses to bargain collectively with each other, it is considered an unfair labor practice, however parties are not forced to reach an agreement or make any allowances. The collective bargaining process comprises of five core steps: Prepare: This phase involves composition of a negotiation team. The negotiation team should consist of representatives of both the parties with adequate knowledge and skills for negotiation. In this phase both the employer’s representatives and the union examine their own situation in order to develop the issues that they believe will be most important. The first thing to be done is to determine whether there is actually any reason  to negotiate at all. A correct understanding of the main issues to be covered and intimate knowledge of operations, working conditions, production norms and other relevant conditions is required. Discuss: Here, the parties decide the ground rules that will guide the negotiations. A process well begun is half done and this is no less true in case of collective bargaining. An environment of mutual trust and understanding is also created so that the collective bargaining agreement would be reached. Propose: This phase involves the initial opening statements and the possible options that exist to resolve them. In a word, this phase could be described as ‘brainstorming’. The exchange of messages takes place and opinion of both the parties is sought. Bargain: negotiations are easy if a problem solving attitude is adopted. This stage comprises the time when ‘what ifs’ and ‘supposals’ are set forth and the drafting of agreements take place. Settlement: Once the parties are through with the bargaining process, a consensual agreement is reached upon wherein both the parties agree to a common decision regarding the problem or the issue. This stage is described as consisting of effective joint implementation of the agreement through shared visions, strategic planning and negotiated change. (Collective Bargaining Process, 2007) According to the website Industrial Relations Home Collective Bargaining Process the collective bargaining process comprise s of five core steps; in which are Prepare, Discuss, Propose, Bargain, and Settlement. The first process of preparing is getting your team together; the second step is discussing the grievances, common concerns and goals; the third step is proposing the methods on how to solve grievances, common concerns and goals; the fourth step is bargaining to reach an agreement that all parties can abide by; the final step is making a settlement on the terms of the contract. WORK CITED Budd, J. W. ( 2009 ). Labor Relations: Striking a Balance. New York: McGraw-Hill. MLBPA. (2014). History of the major league baseball players association. Retrieved from http://mlb.mlb.com/pa/info/history.jsp Kuriloff, A. (2011). NFL Files Unfair-Labor Practices Complaint Against Union in Contract Talks. Retrieved February 19, 2011, from Bloomberg: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-14/nfl-files-unfair-labor-practice-char

Propaganda Used During The Civil War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1511 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Propaganda used during the Civil War Propaganda was used before and during the American Civil War by the North and the South to change public opinion. It affected the way people saw each other and the two sides of the story regarding the war. This is because it made the other side seem wrong and evil in comparison to the other side. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Propaganda Used During The Civil War" essay for you Create order This propaganda made the side that introduced the propaganda seem right and better for the person that saw it. Propaganda was used in many ways by both sides to change people’s thoughts and opinions on the war. The methods took many forms that included posters, newspapers, and even postage stamps. It caused people to take a side and cause even more division between an already divided country. Propaganda took many forms throughout the war that included posters, pamphlets, newspapers, clothing, and postage stamps. In an effort to make the postal rates cheaper and the invention of folding machine envelopes started to be used. It didn’t take long for printers to use these envelopes as propaganda. They would print pictures and messages to support their side of the conflict and tell their version of the story. A Cincinnati printer was even arrested for printing and distributing envelopes with the likeness of Confederate President Jefferson Davis. In the North and the South political rallies were organized where representatives for their side would speak in front of large crowds trying to gain the support of their preferred side. The Propaganda in the country increased as the war progressed because each side wanted to bring the war to a quick end politically and militarily. In late 1861 Abraham Lincoln sent representatives on an assignment to spread propaganda throughout Europe. He knew the Confederacy was trying to get support from France, Spain, and England. President Lincoln sent representatives to try to dissuade European countries from helping the Confederacy. Lincoln sent these representatives to persuade clergy and newspapermen. They made efforts to get the Europeans to understand the â€Å"true meaning of the Civil War†. The Confederacy also made an effort to change the European opinion of the war. They hired writers in newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, and books. Their efforts were to sway the opinions of the British Members of Parliament, The Southern propaganda concentrated on selling the South as a great trade partner, The vast amounts of land, fertile farmland, rivers, minerals, and climate was emphasized as a good market for British goods. They also promoted the trade of cotton to British Factories. They rarely talked about slavery, but made the argument that the Union Naval Blockade was hurting Europe as well as the South. The Propaganda in the country ramped up as the war progressed with each side wanting to bring the war to a quick end politically and militarily. Newspapers were responsible for writing on what was going on during the war. The new invention called the telegraph allowed news to travel quickly from the battlefront to the newsroom. The relatively new invention of a better printing press was invented in 1847. This allowed newspapers to be printed faster and in greater volume for larger distribution. The Civil War was also the first war to be photographed. Photography was difficult and cumbersome but gave Americans the ability to see the awful side of the war. The Civil War newspapers would report the information with extreme bias depending on which side they were on. Union and Confederacy supporters used many newspapers to have propaganda for their side. Because of the bias, many people hated newspapers like William Tecumseh Sherman, a famous Union general who said â€Å"I hate newspapermen. They come into camp and pick up their camp rumors and print them as facts. I regard them as spies, which, in truth, they are. If I killed them all there would be news from Hell before breakfast.† (bennettplacehistoricsite.com) Newspapers provided people with access to news and events that they were not able to get in the past. This gave newspapers the ability to affect public opinion. Newspapers had such a big part in public opinion that they could determine the outcome of politics. Like television news today, this gave newspapers a lot of power in American society. During the Civil War, both the Union and the Confederacy used propaganda to recruit soldiers to their side and to sway public opinion in their favor. They even used propaganda in their recruitment posters. These recruitment posters usually were for a targeted audience. Recruitment posters that were targeted towards Irish immigrants had harps and shamrocks. Ones that were targeted for German and French immigrants were written in French and German to appeal to them. Both of these propaganda posters attempted to convince their audience to support the war effort. They put information out to get people to better understand the war. An example of this is â€Å"We have Butterfield the daring, and weve Martindale the cool: Where could we learn the art of war within a better school? Add Morell to the list of names, and we must all agree, We have the finest general in the army of the free.† (Civilwarhome.com) The creators of this propaganda hoped that people would pick a side to support . Others that used propaganda were clubs who distributed propaganda across the country for their side. They would form large rally’s that would range from great orators to raving speeches. One famous propaganda club was known as the Union League who distributed propaganda for the Union and the policies of the President. The Union League started organizing in were formed in Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. Many of these group like the Union Club distributed large propaganda across the country in both the Confederacy and the Union. Eventually, the Union Club had locations in 18 states and in the Confederacy. They raised money for soldiers relief and recruited both black and white soldiers. The Confederates hired writers to create anti-union propaganda that was then distributed across the Union and Confederacy. Propaganda caused many people to have to see issues in different ways causing them to take a side. Another effect was that each side showed the effect propaganda had on even people’s religion saying that their side was religiously correct. Propaganda affected the way people saw each other and the two sides. Northerners and Anti-slavery groups tried to show how wrong slavery was. Southerners felt that the North was trying to infringe on their way of life and their rights as property owners. Both sides could not understand why the opposition could not get their point. Propaganda caused many divisions between friends and even family with family members dividing over the two sides. People didn’t see themselves as Americans anymore because of slavery and this propaganda made it even worse for the country. In many ways, the American Civil War shaped the way media is used today in our society. Today propaganda is still used, and it still divides our country as it did during the Civil War time period. Nowadays, the power of newspapers is fading, but now groups have added television, radio and social media such as Facebook and Twitter to the tools of propaganda. Hopefully, someday we can change the negative rhetoric that propaganda spreads. We should look at the Civil War propaganda and take a lesson by looking into the past at its effect. Editors, History.com. â€Å"Civil War Culture.† History.com, AE Television Networks, 21 Mar. 2011, www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/civil-war-culture.â€Å"Civil War Medical Care, Battle Wounds, and Disease.† www.civilwarhome.com/propaganda.html. â€Å"American Civil War.† Visual Propaganda: Ideology in Art, 15 July 2015, ideologicalart.com/war/. â€Å"Civil War Envelopes Are Works of Art-And Propaganda.† National Geographic, National Geographic Society, 10 Dec. 2015, news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/12/151210-civil-war-envelopes-art-propaganda-artifacts/. â€Å"Major General William Tecumseh Sherman.† Bennett Place State Historic Site, www.bennettplacehistoricsite.com/history/maj-gen-william-t-sherman/. â€Å"The Reported War.† Omeka RSS, scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/omeka/exhibits/show/mcdonald/civil-war/war/. â€Å"The Coming of the LORD: An Analysis of Religious Rhetoric in the American Civil War.† Drake Smith, https://uncw.edu/csurf/Explorations/Volume%20XII/The%20Coming%20of%20the%20LORD.pdf â€Å"War and Propaganda: A Look at How the Two Have Been Inseparable Though Time.† Katrina A. Redfern, December 6, 2004, https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297a/War%20and%20Propaganda%20_%20A%20Look%20at%20How%20the%20Two%20Have%20Been%20Inseparable%20Through%20Time.doc â€Å"Civil War Envelopes Are Works of Art-And Propaganda.† National Geographic, National Geographic Society, 10 Dec. 2015, news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/12/151210-civil-war-envelopes-art-propaganda-artifacts/. â€Å"How Newspapers Reported the Civil War.† Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 10 Jan. 2012, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-newspapers-reported-the-civil-war-17280757/. McGruder, Kevin. â€Å"The Black Press During the Civil War.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 13 Mar. 2014, opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/13/the-black-press-during-the-civil-war/. â€Å"The Press Experience during the Civil War Helped Shape Todays Media.† Penn State University, news.psu.edu/story/143996/2012/12/06/impact/press-experience-during-civil-war-helped-shape-todays-media. â€Å"The Reported War.† Omeka RSS, scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/omeka/exhibits/show/mcdonald/civil-war/war/. Tunnell, Ted. â€Å"Confederate Newspapers in Virginia during the Civil War.† Armistead, Lewis A. (1817–1863), www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Newspapers_in_Virginia_During_the_Civil_War_Confederate#start_entry.

The Principles Of Physics Behind The Sport - 1800 Words

There is a reason and an explanation behind all of your actions, you may just not know it yet. This clearly described me as an athlete: hard-working and obedient. Unfortunately these qualities can only take you so far. Over the years I have learned that in order to excel in a certain area, you must have a solid understanding behind the basic principles. For my career as a figure skater, these lessons came to me a little too late. Although I knew what I was supposed to do, what I needed were the principles of physics behind the sport. In this paper, I aim to explain the basic principles behind jumping in the world of figure skating by covering the topics of projectile motion, angular momentum, and Newton’s Laws of Physics. Before we†¦show more content†¦In 1572 the first iron blades were manufactured, which reduced the friction of forward motion (Greiff, n.d). Now blades are thinner than ever and are made of the finest cut steel, allowing skaters to have longer strides. This slows the muscles contractions in the legs, which in turn allows for a greater force leading to greater acceleration. (Summers, 2007). With the advances in technology of the equipment, Olympic stars were well on their way to being born. At the age of six I started taking my first figure skating classes at our local ice rink. I had no idea that this passion of mine would lead me to compete in numerous competitions in the Northwest, as well as National State Games of America in Colorado Springs. At the age of sixteen I put away my boots and ended my figure skating career. The photo shown was taken at my home town ice rink, Sherwood Ice Arena at one of the various events that I competed in before giving up the sport. In thi s photo, my mother was able to capture the post-take off for a jump, which can be noted by my body position and where my hands/arms are located. I have almost reached the middle of my jump in which all limbs are held tightly to the body in order to maximize the number of rotations. Although I did not know it at the time, the reasoning behind my actions could be explained through physics. To begin, the more advanced

terrace garden - 3149 Words

INTRODUCTION In gardening, a terrace is an element where a raised flat paved or graveled section overlooks a prospect. A raised terrace keeps a house dry and provides a transition between the hard materials of the architecture and softer ones of the garden. We have a very long tradition of gardening and landscaping. Our literatures and mythologies are full of references to these. Man always thought of natural landscape as his ideal habitat. Adam originally lived in the Garden of Eden. Most of the world mythologies place that the men of primitive people build their abodes considering themselves as part of landscape. Mans fascination for landscaping never decrease. The Egyptians had elaborate gardens with many types†¦show more content†¦NEED OF TERRACE GARDEN Terrace gardens are becoming a common feature in todays urban environment. The phenomenon of landscaping on the terraces and Terrace tops has evolved due to excessive exploitation of the urban land. Bricks, concrete and asphalt have replaced greenery on horizontal as well as vertical planes. Skyscrapers, parking areas and network of roads have acquired a major of urban land. The modern means of transport compels us to create amenities such as bus- stands, railway stations and airports which have pushed away the vegetation and natural green spaces from acres of urban land. In such congested environment, Terrace tops and terrace of buildings provides a valuable potential source of outdoor space accessible to users of buildings. Behind the idea of terrace gardens and Terrace top landscapes is an urge to bring back greenery, which is pushed away from urban areas. These are necessarily green areas created on the concrete slabs. Their need has increased with des igning of high- rise buildings which deprive their occupants of any visual contact with nature. Terrace gardens bring back this missing link between the man and nature, though on moderate scale. Terrace gardens improve the quality of view from the surrounding higher buildings and can be specifically designed to be viewed from above. In cities around the world, terrace gardens are commonly created at three different levels, which are: i.Show MoreRelatedThe Challenges Of Domestic Violence Essay909 Words   |  4 Pages— Every other year, the gardens of Holmes County become inspirations for novice growers, while helping to raise funds to aide victims of domestic abuse. The Holmes County Friends and Neighbors of OneEighty — Supporting Victims of Domestic Violence will continue its effort to provide crisis intervention, treatment, counseling, prevention and support for those affected by domestic violence, when it raises money by presenting its biennial Garden Tour on July 9. The gardens selected this year are locatedRead MoreEssay about Sustainable Design1184 Words   |  5 PagesSmith Library. 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He is placed in this area because he died before Christianity. Nevertheless, Virgil is not subjected to Hell. Each terrace provides living space for individuals who were in Hell for the different categories of sin for which they were suffering. The lower the terrace, the more severe the punishment. Satan resides in the very bottom level of Hell. DanteRead MoreSingapore: A Clean and Green City From â€Å"Garden City† to a â€Å"City in a Garden†2626 Words   |  11 PagesSingapore: A Clean and Green City From â€Å"Garden City† to a â€Å"City in a Garden† Introduction Singapore is a city-state with a land area of about 710 km2i. It is one of the most densely populated countries in the world and yet, harbours rich natue biodiversity. Singapore is well recognized as the world’s greenest city. According to the 2011 Asian Green City Indexii, Singapore is Asia’s greenest metropolis, and the only city assessed to perform well above average in the overall rankings. 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Mergers and Acquisitions Free Essays

Mergers and Acquisitions Free Essays Recent studies reveal that there are various strategies that are lumped and classified as mergers and acquisitions when they are not. In fact not all mergers and acquisitions are alike. This is why a better and deeper understanding of its differences in different situation is necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Mergers and Acquisitions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Joseph Bower in his article tells us that there are actually five varieties of mergers and acquisitions. There are five reasons for mergers and acquisitions. With each reason, a distinct type of merger and acquisition arises. First Scenario: Overcapacity Mergers and Acquisitions.   Acquisition of the first type occurs in capital-intensive industries, which are more mature and with substantial overcapacity. Industries that undergo such type are generally involved in the automotive, steel and petrochemical markets. This type is usually a merger of equals; otherwise it is a merger of unequals, i.e. a large company acquires a small company. From the point-of-view of the acquirer, acquisition should take place for survival sake. What the acquirer does is to close down less competitive facilities in order to eliminate less effective managers and rationalize administrative processes. After the acquisition, the acquiring company has greater market share, a more efficient operation, better managers, more clout, with less excess capacity. The problems that arise with this type of merger and acquisition are with respect to the various people, facilities, processes and differing values that come together in the acquiring company. With respect to the people, in merger of equals, as these concern two different groups that come together, both battle to maintain their positions. This starts from top-management and goes down the ranks. In a merger of unequals people from the acquired company leave. And in the rare instance that they do come together, company cultures collide — company values clash. There are also problems that arise as to the choice of which facilities to keep and the processes to retain or discard. In short, without the proper guidelines and solutions, what this type of acquisition and merger brings forth is utter chaos. This is why it is important to note the possible conflicts and what is valuable among what is acquired. If the values and the cultures of the two companies are very different, the acquiring company should take time to think about the acquisition. This may not be a good idea. If the process and values that are acquired are what are valuable, time is material in reaping the benefits. Hence, the unnecessary battle in the top and in the ranks is completely unnecessary and negligible. However, if it will take timthat if what is acquired are valuable processes and values Second Scenario: The Geographic Roll-Up Mergers and Acquisitions. The second reason is in order to roll-up competitors in geographically fragmented industries. In this classification, a successful company expands geographically by acquiring units that operate locally. This is different from the first type in that the first type the industries are older. In the second type, such merger and acquisition takes place when the industry is fairly young. The goal of the first type is to reduce capacity and duplication, while the goal of the second type is to achieve economies of scale and scope while building industry giants. The first type is a win-lose scenario, rarely is it successful. The second type is generally a win-win scenario as it is easier to pull-off. Both the problems of the acquired and acquiring company are solved. With respect to the acquired company, the problems of succession, access to capital, national marketing, modern technology and competitive threats from large rivals are alleviated. With respect to the acquiring company, problems of geographic entry and local management are solved. Problems as to resources are not also an issue with the second type compared to the first type. The choice of whether or not the operating unit remains local depends on whether the relation with the local customers is necessary or not. If it is, the operating company remains local. However a possible complication as to the second type is with respect to the acquiring company’s introduction of new processes and values. This may encounter strong resistance. In this case, the acquiring company must ease entry into the acquired company. Third Scenario: The Product or Market Extension Mergers and Acquisitions. The third reason is in order to extend new products into different markets. Through this acquisition, the company’s product line and its international coverage expands. In such type of merger and acquisition, success depends on the sizes of the company. If the companies are of the same size, then the problems of overcapacity or the problems of the first type may arise. However, if the acquiring company is bigger than the acquired company, then success is more likely. It must be noted that while the third type is similar to the second type, introduction of new processes and company values are more difficult in the former. There are also important matters that need consideration in this type.   One concern is the distance of the acquired company. The farther it is, the harder it is to integrate. Differences in processes and cultures must be taken into consideration. Fourth Scenario: Mergers and Acquisitions as RD. The fourth reason is to provide substitutes for RD. Acquisitions are used in lieu of in-house RD in order to build market positions quickly. This fourth type is related to the third type, however this is fairly new compared to the other. The fourth type is what is widely used for high-tech and biotech companies. From the point of view of the acquired company, acquisition is highly advantageous as it brings in massive amounts of money for establishing a sustainable company. This is also advantageous because otherwise competition with the bigger companies can crush the smaller ones. The problem with respect to this type is holding on to key individuals as in the field where this type is widely employed, expertise is more valuable that technology. The things to keep in mind before and when embarking on this type of merger and acquisition are to know what the acquiring company is targeting and to place powerful executives in the integration. Fifth Scenario: The Industry Convergence Mergers and Acquisitions. In this type, a company attempts to gain leverage by assembling disparate companies into a new industry.   Such attempt is based on unproven hypothesis that this new industry may click in the market. This is what makes the fifth type different from the first four types. The first four types change relationships among the industry players while the fifth type creates a new industry. Success depends not on how well the acquiring company buys and integrates but by how smart it is with respect to industry boundaries. It has been observed that entertainment companies are the ones that become successful in the fifth type. The most important thing to remember in this type of acquisition and merger is for the acquiring company to take careful steps during the process. Final Point. In conclusion, Bower tells us that in mergers and acquisitions, thinking, preparation and post-merger management is ultimately the key to success. How to cite Mergers and Acquisitions, Essay examples